Ashish Gupta explains how this concept helps property owners get a regular income without having to surrender possession
Reverse mortgage is a financial product that enables senior citizens (60 years plus) to mortgage their real estate assets with a lender and convert part of the equity into tax-free regular income. This saves them from selling assets in their lifetime.
The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) is planning to enter the reverse mortgage business. LIC's entry in this segment is significant as the life insurer has a huge base. According to the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority's (IRDA) annual report, LIC has a 29 percent share in the total new life insurance policies sold in 2008-09.
The National Housing Bank's (NHB) reverse mortgage loan-enabled annuity scheme has sanctioned 40 loans estimated at Rs 100 crores. The scheme, without the life-long payment benefit, was launched in 2007. According to the NHB, around 7,000 loans amounting to around Rs 1,400 crores have been sanctioned till March 31, 2010. It is expected that the modified scheme that provides life-long annuity to the buyer and his spouse will catch on with the entry of LIC in the segment.
With the existing scheme, LIC will provide payments in the form of annuity to policyholders. Once the assessed value of the house and the loan amount to be disbursed is decided on, LIC will start making payments till the policyholder survives. The bank will make full payment of the total loan amount to the LIC once the policy starts which the insurer can invest as per the company's investment guidelines.
In case of a reverse mortgage, the property owner surrenders the title of the property to a financial institution. The financial institution doesn't pay the entire amount to the owner upfront. On the contrary, it pays out a regular sum each month for the agreed time. The owner gets to stay in the property along with his spouse for their lifetime. Thus, the owner can ensure a regular cash flow in times of need and enjoy the benefit of staying in the property. After the owner's death, the property is transferred to the institution, and not to the heirs.
Reverse mortgage is a relatively new concept in India. The concept is quite popular in developed countries to generate cash flows.
The aim is to make immovable property more liquid and generate returns out of the asset while it is used by the owner. The amount paid out each month is for a specific period of time. The monthly payout depends on the value of the property, the term of the agreement and the rate of payment. The valuation of the property is to be done by professionals. The entire payout mechanism - calculation and computation - depends on the law of probability.
The financing institution has to bear the risk of the individual outliving the agreement. At the expiry of the agreement period, the monthly payments to the owner stops.
Reverse mortgage is of immense use in unlocking the otherwise illiquid asset. Till now, immovable property has been treated as one of the most illiquid assets. Reverse mortgage unlocks the liquidity potential of this asset. It helps the owner get good returns from his immovable property, without having to part with it. The owner can continue with the possession of the property during his lifetime.
A NOVEL CONCEPT
Reverse mortgage is a relatively new concept in India
It is a financial product that enables senior citizens to get tax-free regular income
The concept is meant to unlock the income potential of a property
A significant aspect of this concept is the owner retains possession through his lifetime
It makes property as an investment option work better, especially for risk-averse senior citizens
It is a popular income-generating product in the West
The monthly payout depends on the value of property
The financing institution bears the risk of the individual outliving the agreement
Courtesy by: Times Property Dtd: July 3, 2010
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